Examine the Relationships between Socio-Cultural factors with the tendency of Men to participate in Family Planning

ISSN 2572-102X 127 Family planning as a whole is the main Part of reproductive health and the key to the health of mothers, children, families, communities and societies, that One of the success factors in family planning and population control in Iran is male involvement . The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between social cultural factors with propensity of men to participate in family planning is in Baghmalek city. The research method is survey. The population of this study included all married men in baghmalek city in 2017. Sample was determined based on Coke ran frameof 320 people. The questionnaire is self-made, that with multistage cluster sampling among respondents was divided. In general, the findings show a correlation between the amount of piety, fear of side effects of contraceptives, and patriarchal gender attitudes of men to participate in family planning programs there were significant relationships. Stepwise multiple regression analysis shows that the changing attitudes of patriarchal gender have been most affected by the tendency of men to participate in family planning programs . Overall, the independent variables have been able to explain 43/25 percent of dependent variable. Family planning as a whole is the main Part of reproductive health and the key to the health ofmothers, children, families, communities and societies, that One of the success factors in familyplanning and population control in Iran is male involvement . Although the participation of menin family planning methods is not mean that they use the methods for men, But the partnershipincludes a proper understanding of the constraints and needs that by using contraception happento their spouses. (Zanjani et al., 2013: 128). According to the World statistics, Despite the fact that the use of contraceptive methods in women who are eligible for famil planning, rose from 30 percent in 1960 to 62 percent in 1997. Still about 150 million women around the world still tend to limit their children do not use effective methods of contraception, that the most common cause is doubt to methods of contraception, fear of side effects, poor quality of health services of the countries concerned, beliefs and negative attitudes of men in particular (Jahanfar, 1997: 56). Using the methods of contraception and that what method is using, it depends on different factors such as: Such as age, education, number of children and the amount of access in different ways, and so on (Hoseini, 2012). Due to the use of contraception is a social -rational behavior, individual and social characteristics of couples, plays the main role in the process of selection and use of methods of contraception. In recent years, organizations, experts and scholars who work in the field of population, have felt the need for participation of men in family planning and contraception, In a word, to make a better family or health for the whole family. Interpretation of the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) is one of the factors contributing to the success of men&#39;s participation in family planning programs. The findings of : &quot;ghodrati (2011) ,shirvani (2012) ,tourajian far (2007) ,Cola (2010) ,Zolfagharizadeh, Kashki (2010), frost (2008), Babalola (2008), Dylbaz (2008),Indongo (2007), and Stephenson et al. (2007) Kolomegah (2006),Bungardz (1983) Dantabalya and others (2005), This is evidence that social and cultural factors oriented towards participation of men in family


Abstract: ISSN 2572-102X
127 Family planning as a whole is the main Part of reproductive health and the key to the health of mothers, children, families, communities and societies, that One of the success factors in family planning and population control in Iran is male involvement . The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between social -cultural factors with propensity of men to participate in family planning is in Baghmalek city. The research method is survey. The population of this study included all married men in baghmalek city in 2017. Sample was determined based on Coke ran frameof 320 people. The questionnaire is self-made, that with multistage cluster sampling among respondents was divided. In general, the findings show a correlation between the amount of piety, fear of side effects of contraceptives, and patriarchal gender attitudes of men to participate in family planning programs there were significant relationships.
Stepwise multiple regression analysis shows that the changing attitudes of patriarchal gender have been most affected by the tendency of men to participate in family planning programs . Overall, the independent variables have been able to explain 43/25 percent of dependent variable.
Family planning as a whole is the main Part of reproductive health and the key to the health ofmothers, children, families, communities and societies, that One of the success factors in familyplanning and population control in Iran is male involvement . Although the participation of menin family planning methods is not mean that they use the methods for men, But the partnershipincludes a proper understanding of the constraints and needs that by using contraception happento their spouses. (Zanjani et al., 2013: 128).
According to the World statistics, Despite the fact that the use of contraceptive methods in women who are eligible for famil planning, rose from 30 percent in 1960 to 62 percent in 1997. Still about 150 million women around the world still tend to limit their children do not use effective methods of contraception, that the most common cause is doubt to methods of contraception, fear of side effects, poor quality of health services of the countries concerned, beliefs and negative attitudes of men in particular (Jahanfar, 1997: 56). Using the methods of contraception and that what method is using, it depends on different factors such as: Such as age, education, number of children and the amount of access in different ways, and so on (Hoseini, 2012).
Due to the use of contraception is a social -rational behavior, individual and social characteristics of couples, plays the main role in the process of selection and use of methods of contraception. In recent years, organizations, experts and scholars who work in the field of population, have felt the need for participation of men in family planning and contraception, In a word, to make a better family or health for the whole family. Interpretation of the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) is one of the factors contributing to the success of men&#39;s participation in family planning programs. The findings of : &quot;ghodrati (2011) ,shirvani  (2005), This is evidence that social and cultural factors oriented towards participation of men in family planning programs has a direct impact. The findings also showed that the number of deaths of children, abortion, wanted children, with fertility have direct relation, and variables such as the amount of piety, fear of side effects of contraceptives, gender patriarchal attitudes, parents&#39; education, and of course, husband&#39;s jobs had a negative correlation with fertility rates.
Considering the discussions, the main question of this study is: the tendency of men to participate in family planning programs look like? And what relationship between social and cultural factors with men tend to participate in these programs exist?

Hypotheses of research:
Research Methodology:

Analytical findings:
Determine the relationship between gender patriarchal attitudes and propensity of men to participate in family planning programs Determine the relationship between fear of side effects contraceptives with men tendency to contribute to family planning program Determine the relationship between religiosity and the tendency of men to participate in family planning programs.
This study used a questionnaire survey was conducted in the aghmalek city.
The population owas all males (25-65 years old) of Baghmalek city and had a sample size of 320 that was calculated by using the Kokeran formula. The number of multi-stage cluster sampling were selected from different parts of city and randomly different parts of the questionnaire were given to them. To measure each of the variables in this study, and other items using Likert scale questionnaire. Designed and by using the technique, the required data were collected (Goudarzi, Saeed (2008).
After completing the questionnaire respondents, the data Is processed by using SPSS software,in two levels of: descriptive and inferential statistics. For data analysis, statistical indices, mean, standard deviation, regression analysis was performed step by step. Credit spectrum measured in the study, and other types of measures, with formal validity (in consultation with teachers and experts) were investigated.
First hypothesis: Between the gender patriarchal attitudes and men tendency to family planning there is a relationship.
As shown in Table 1 can be seen among men with patriarchal attitudes on gender bias in terms of family planning programs there is a significant difference. In other words, men with masculinegender have differences in attitudes toward family planning programs. So, there is difference between gender patriarchal attitudes and trends among men in family planning programs. And based on this, hypothesis is confirmed. Table 1: Results of ANOVA for comparison between men&#39;s attitudes to family planning programs with patriarchal attitudes on gender. Table 2: Results of ANOVA for comparison between men&#39;s attitudes to family planning programs with a fear of side effects of contraceptives The second hypothesis: Between the fear of side effects of contraceptives and tendency of men to family planning There is a relationship.
As shown in Table 4-4 can be seen among men with a fear of side effects of contraceptives for family planning programs in terms of trends, there is a significant difference. In other words, men with fear of side effects of contraceptives to family planning are different. So, between the fear of side effects of contraceptives and tendency of men to family planning programs there is a different. And based on this hypothesis is confirmed. The third hypothesis: between religiosity and the tendency of men to family planning programs there is relationship.
Based on the results, the correlation coefficient between these two variables in the table equal to 285/0, which is significant at alpha level 01/0. So the hypothesis is confirmed. In other words, whatever the level of religiosity more; the amount of tendency of men in family planning programs is more. Table 3: Pearson correlation test to examine the relationship between religiosity and the tendency of men to family planning programs.

Summary and Conclusion:
At this stage in order to investigate the effects of independent variables and set the predictive equation, stepwise multiple regression analysis was used. In this method, first, the variable that is most correlated with the dependent variable and then the variable that has the highest correlation after the primary variable is selected. In this way, at every stage variable or variables remain, which after separation of prior variables to their participation are highest R-squared correlation. After stepwise multiple regression six variables remain in the equation. They are close to 43/25 percent of variations propensity of men to participate in family planning programs have been accounted for. Table 4, shows elements of the independent variables in the equation to explain the tendency of men to participation in family planning. After patriarchal attitudes and gender with the amount 204/0 Beta = 002/0 = sig is most relevant to the tendency of men to participate in family planning programs. Other variables in the regression model are capable to explain 43/25% of the changes in dependent variables. Overall, the regression model can be said that the most important variables in explaining examine the relationships between socio -cultural propensity of men to participate in family planning programs. One of the most important issues in demographic research is family planning, and its main indicators and also It is how couples participation in.
Due to the rapid increase in population, economic and social development in any society without knowing the demographic changes and the better use of the potential of human resources will not be fulfilled. So, the balance between population and available resources and a fair distribution in determining momentum towards economic growth and development is very important. The main objective of the study was to investigate the relationship between socio -cultural propensity of men to participate in family planning programs in the Baghmalek city. In this regard, the relationship between independent variables and the tendency of men to participate in family planning is investigated. Now consider the results of the data analysis: First hypothesis: Between the fear of side effects of contracep-tives and tendency of men for family planning there is a relationship.
Test results showed that among men with a fear of side effects of contraceptives in family planning orientation there is a significant difference. In other words, men with fear of side effects of contraceptives for family planning are different than programs. And based on this hypothesis is confirmed. Our initial assumption about this variable was that with respect to these variables, People mentally and not objective in their minds have a number of effects and risks of using some means of contraception And therefore do not show a tendency towards the use of these devices. The findings also showed that the relationship between these two variables was significant, and whatever the fear of the use of contraceptives increase, on attitude and practice of people to participate in family planning programs have touched and educes it. Research findings are fit to ZolfaqaryZadeh (2007), Abbas Sha-vazi, Jalal and KhademZadeh (2004) Shahydzadeh (2003) Bongarts (1983). The second hypothesis: Between the gender patriarchal attitudes and trends among men to family planning programs there is relationship. Test results showed that among men with patriarchal attitudes on gender bias in terms of family planning programs there is a significant difference. . In other words, men with masculine gender have differences in attitudes toward family planning programs. And based on this hypothesis is confirmed.
In patriarchal societies, men from childhood have been objectivist and realistic training to view external jobs. While the women for household activities with a high degree of social isolation, were preparing. In the field of family planning as well as documents and evidence suggests that the men have such a vision and know this state of affairs largely the responsibility of women . Stated explain this result is that in our society and culture especially male-dominated Khuzestan province or many men, non-specific behavior is unbelievable that participate in the women&#39;s class, and doing it is detraction for them. These findings is fit with Such findings consistent with research and Tensher (1984), which acknowledge religiositycouples a direct impact on their participation in family planning.
In whole recommended that pre-marital counseling, educational programs in the field of family planning, the mass media, television, radio, books, magazines and so on, So that countries are not inconsistent with Islamic culture, is On the agenda of policy-making and planning managers and the entities related to family.