Study of the Effects and Consequences of Infertility on Couples

The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects and consequences of infertility on couples in Masjed-e Soleyman. The research method, survey method and the statistical population of the present study included infertile couples referring to Masjed-e-Soleyman Medical Center in Khuzestan province (Iran). 109 Cochran sampling was used. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to assess the standard depression test (BAK). The data were analyzed statistical, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Pearson correlation, Chi square, F and ANOVA using SPSS software. The results of the hypothesis test showed that there is a meaningful relationship between couples’ infertility with the tendency to divorce and depression. But the results of the findings did not show the relationship between couples’ infertility and marital durability


Introduction: ISSN 2572-102X
Infertility, Depression, Divorce, Marital Durability The World Health Organization (WHO) has considered infertility a major problem in reproductive health. Sexual activity, lack of confidence, tension in communication, loneliness and rejection, encountering laborious treatments, obsessive compulsive disorder, depression, disability, frustration, fatigue, dizziness, anger, stomach and feeling of breaking through the effects of infertility It involves couples (Bernstein, 1992: 335-342). According to the World Health Organization, failure in pregnancy has involved around 80 million people worldwide. About a quarter of Iranian couples experience primary infertility during their common life. 4.3% of couples have infertile problems at any time (khoda Karami, 2009: 287). Today, most of the transition countries, especially Iran, are witnessing profound changes in all cultural, economic, social and demographic dimensions, and passing from traditional to modern models. Demographic trends also show fertility decline to substitution levels. At the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD), held in Cairo in 1994, infertility was recognized as a factor in seriously harming reproductive health, and it was stipulated that all countries would also seek to address infertility in reproductive health programs and Setting up your family. Most psychologists believe that psychological and emotional problems can rarely be an important reason for infertility, but these problems can emerge from infertility. Different researches have shown depression and anxiety in infertile couples ( Infertility as an important psychological and social problem with psychological and social problems Several factors, such as depression, anxiety, helplessness, divorce, social isolation, dissatisfaction with life, and marital incompatibility. Also, their studies have shown that psychological factors can both contribute to the development of infertility and can be considered as a consequence. In this regard, there is ample evidence that psychological problems caused by infertility can be a contributing factor in intensifying infertility (Kay, Chang, Rabbar and Soules, 1995; Dumar, Kelp and Slasby, 2000). In Iran, also more than a million infertile couples live. However, the prevalence of infertility in the different regions of the country is not the same. In our country, infertility is one of the problems of society. On average, about 10-15% of couples in Iran are infertile (Abbasi Shavazi and his and Partners., 2003).
Since infertility is a medical and demographic phenomenon in societies, there is still no scientific study of the social aspects of infertility in our society, more studies have been done in the field of medicine and psychology. On the other hand, infertility is the cause of some divorces and divorces, and since women are more exposed to the psychosocial consequences of infertility, and in private life and marital relationships with issues such as feeling frustrated, blaming, mistreatment, neglect, Social and economic deprivations, and physical and psychological harassment, recognizing the issues and problems of this group and paying attention to these couples in the program and policies of reproductive health is important and these points are important reasons to justify the need to address the subject of this research They are considered. Since the rate of infertility is rising with changes in the pattern of life (such as rising marriage age), in the future, we will see the dilemmas and consequences of this phenomenon and the change in the demographic structure. Hence, we will look at some of the consequences of this phenomenon. The main issue of the researcher in this study is what are the consequences of infertility on couples in Masjed Soleyman?

Research hypotheses:
First hypothesis: There is a relationship between couple infertility and the degree of divorce. Second hypothesis: There is a relationship between couple infertility and durability of marital age. Hypothesis 3: There is a relationship between couples infertility and depression.

Research Method:
This study was conducted using a survey method and data with standard questionnaire and researcher made with interview and with the help of a questioner in the city of Masjed Soleyman. The statistical population of this study was 150 infertile couples in Masjed-e-Soleyman city and 109 subjects were selected using Cochran's formula. Also, some of the data were based on records in the infertile couples referring to the Masjed-e-Soleyman Infertility Center during the years 2016-2017. To measure each of the variables of this research, the items were designed using Likert spectrum and other spectra and the required data was collected using the questionnaire technique (Goodarzi, 2009). After completing the questionnaire by the respondents, the data were analyzed by SPSS software at two levels of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Data analysis was done using statistical data such as mean, standard deviation, Chi square and Pearson test. The validity of various spectra measured in research and other types of measurements was investigated in a formal way (in consultation with professors and experts). In order to measure the validity of the questionnaire, 8 faculty members and social science experts were asked to complete the questionnaire and based on their opinions, the questionnaire was modified. The validity of the questionnaire was also obtained by using Cronbach's Alpha Cluster Spectrometry and a re-test method for structures that are not measured in the spectrum. Also, for its reliability, the Cronbach Alpha coefficient has been used (Doas , 2001).

Analytical Findings:
First hypothesis: There is a relationship between couple infertility and the degree of desire for divorce.  The results of the above table indicate that the research hypothesis has been rejected. This means that there is no relationship between infertility of couples and the marital survival of infertile couples. Hypothesis 3: There is a relationship between couples infertility and depression.

Table 3: The hypothesis of couples infertility and depression
Considering the Pearson test and the significance of the test, there is a relationship between infertility infertility and depression in infertile couples. In other words, the assumption of the research is confirmed.

Discussion and conclusion:
The results of the hypothesis test in the inferential part are obtained by using appropriate statistical tests with the type of research variables as follows: The first hypothesis examined the relationship between couples infertility and the degree of desire for divorce. Based on the analytical findings of this study, the hypothesis was confirmed. The findings show that respondents have expressed a high and moderate tendency to divorce due to infertility due to their traditional culture and ethnicity, which are mostly Bakhtiari people. But in some cases, if couples find that there is no third person as a linker between them, husband and wife's relationship becomes more and more dependent on each other, and the woman focuses on her husband's attention and may be the love of the couple infertile. Increase each other. But in the present study, most tendencies of male infertility tend to be sought. In any case, it seems unlikely that couples' infertility will lead to an increase in their interest, due to cultural issues and tribal prejudices, which are even observed in the sex of the child. The findings of this research are based on numerous studies including: Abbasi shavazi and others (2010), Karami Noori and others (2009), which show that the problem of infertility can cause tension in social relationships and psychological disturbances of couples, disconnect and ultimately lead to He is divorced, he is in harmony. Another hypothesis in this study was to investigate the relationship between infertility and marital survival among infertile couples. In other words, their relatives survived after a few years after the marriage that couples realized they were unable to bear children. The results show that there is not a meaningful relationship between the two variables among the couples. In other words, it cannot be conclusively said that infertility will endanger the life expectancy of couples.
The findings of the research (Dafai, Noor bala, Faghih zadeh and Dehghani, 1997); Karami Noori and others (2010) show that in spite of the social and cultural significance of fertility and having children, infertile couples try and spend a lot on their own problem treatment. The existence of a child is an important factor in the consolidation of marital life. The third hypothesis of this study is to investigate the relationship between infertility and depression in infertile couples. The findings of this study showed that infertility can lead to effects and consequences such as decreased self-esteem, anxiety, deprivation and helplessness, personality disorder, aggression, suicide, etc. in infertile couples. The findings of this research are based on the findings of the research (Kay, Chang, Rabbar and Sols, 1995; Domaar, Kelp and Slasb, 2000; Ali Zadeh (2001); Moro and his and Partners (1995); Pahlavani (1998) It has been shown that there is a significant relationship between depression and couples infertility.